Question:
What are the arguments against the Theory of Evolution?
sosick2287
2006-06-29 04:31:56 UTC
What are the arguments against the Theory of Evolution?
Eighteen answers:
Kiko
2006-06-29 21:27:22 UTC
Here are some great books about that. You can find tons of info in them, and I really do recommend reading them.



-Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, by Michael Denton

-It Couldn't Just Happen, by Lawrence O. Richards

-What Darwin Didn't Know, by Geoffrey Simmons

-Darwins Black Box, by Michael Behe

-Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law, and education, by Phillip E. Johnson

-Uncommon Dissent: Intellectuals Who Find Darwinism Unconvincing, by William Dembski

-The Lie: Evolution, by Ken Ham

-Refuting Evolution, by Jonathan Sarfati

-Evolution: The Fossils Say No!, by Gish

-Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, again by Gish but it is the revised edition.

-The Revised and Expanded Answers Book, by Ken Ham

-That Their Words May be Used Against Them, by ???

-Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome, by ???

-Refuting Compromise, by ??? (I think this one is more for Christians with religious arguments)



There are many more books on this subject, and many websites. The only problem with the internet is that a lot of the material is not scientific and has no evidence to back it up. Much of it is what you would call "Religious" (but that is not always bad. If you are religious, you want some religious reasons why it is not true). But many of these books are very good. I haven't read them all, but the best case in any I have found so far is "What Darwin Didn't Know." It doesn't really say much about evolution, and nothing about religion. It just talks about how incredibly complex the human body is. Pretty good stuff.





Edit:

I just thought I would respond a little to what the person above me wrote.... I just couldn't resist.



First off, the 2nd law of Thermodynamics can be overcome with an energy source, but that is not all that is needed. Without something to convert the energy, it is useless. Plants do the converting for us, or solar converters. But neither of these things existed in the beginning of life. Evolution would have no usable energy from the sun, so the 2nd law argument still holds. Not to meantion it would take a lot more energy than what the sun and other sources give.



Crystals are not evidence for evolution simply because of the fact that they are not life. Living things and crystals fall into two very different catigories. They simply are not comparable. Even after forming into paterns, they are still chemicals, not living. Even the simplist possible living thing is a million times more complex, and could not have formed by chemical reactions.



For the plane, what are the parts that are "supposed" to go together in nature? Amino acids perhaps? Well, working amino acids, or what form protiens, need DNA in order to be assembled. It just is not in their nature to go together. But amino acids and protiens are needed for ALL life, and again, they need DNA to form. The only problem is, that DNA is formed from working protiens within the cell. See the problem?



Even if the plane parts don't need to be a plane, they will never assemble into anything that works, much less something that is alive.



As to the argument of whether evolution is a theory or law, it does not matter. It is really irrelivant whether we call something a theory or a law, it still is what it is. So stop attacking and arguing over what it is called, it simply does not matter.



Bombadier bettle... Wow, I really shouldn't get started on this one, but I will. So yeah, the fact that it is more than just a simple explosion, and that it need SPECIFIC enzymes and such to cause the reaction, implies design more than just an explosion. It is the same as with fireflies, which have a similar process for lighting up their bodies. When a firefly lights up, several chemicals are mixed in a specialized chamber. The problem is that the chamber is not needed, and is therefore a disadvantage to the insect, without the explosion. But without the chamber, the insect would explode or be killed from the reaction. Again, like the amino acids and DNA, one can not happen without the other. See the problem?



Age limit: It doesn't matter. Period. Even if the universe is as old as evoltionists say, that still is NOT enough time for evolution to happen. If every possible time a mutation happened they were all beneficial, in the time the evolutionist gives and with the fastest possible rate of evolution, there would still be a very large gap of time between what is needed and what is there. And the 2nd law applies here as well. The universe can not stay as ordered as it is needed to for that long. There is a closed amount of energy in the universe, it simply can not remain without entropy for billions of years.



As to the fossils: Archaeopteryx was an ADMITTED hoax, and National Geographic, the magizine that published the story in the first place, published a small article about how locals had glued, yes, glued, parts of a bird and lizard together because it would sell better to tourists. It was not a link. The same thing has happened with other "missing links." And most were hoaxes, exagarated, or not even the species they were supposed to be. Read "The Fossils Still Say No!" for more on that one.



Fruit flies are still fruit flies, and most of the time they have disabilities like not being able to fly (you can buy those in the pet stores).



Obviously, natural selection happens. But it will not account for the vast amounts of life we see on earth. It can not work for many reasons, which I won't go into detail about here. If you really want to know, you can read the books, if not, it won't do any good to say them there. The books do a better job anyways. So I think I am done now. Oh, and anyone who wants to email me and talk more about this is free to do so. It's anthuis2002@yahoo.com. Have a great day.



Oh, one more thing, in response to talkorigins.com, go to trueorigins.org.
DJ
2006-06-29 05:00:32 UTC
If you are really interested in digging into this- check out www.drdino.com Lot of good information there. First off- the world cannot possibly be millions of years old. There are several age-limiting factors, including our sun, the moon's increasing distance to the earth, the lack of 'dirt' in the oceans, the ocean's are getting saltier- yet are only a bit above 3% salt, Saturn's rings would no longer be here, comets would no longer be around, etc.Tons of stuff there. Second- the idea of life evolving is a complete joke- anyone who can comprehend the statistics behind this would recognize its impossibility. It is absurd to believe this- which brings up a very key point: Evolution is NOT science in any way, shape, or form. It is a state-funded religiion; a system of beliefs about the origins of humanity that cannot be backed up by one piece of scientific evidence. (demonstrable, repeatable, etc) In fact, many key elements are easily disproven. For example, if the Big Bang happened, every galaxy, solar system, and planet would be spinning the same way, due to the conservation of angular momentum. They aren't. The Geologic column, which is key to the theory, is completely contradicted by polystrata fossils. There are no beneficial mutations. None. Nada. Nothing is continuing to evolve. There are no missing links. (real ones anyway- there have been plenty of fakes, including a 'prehistoric' man and his wife contructed from a pig's tooth!). The Second Law of Thermodynamics directly contradicts the theory of evolution. In short- people only believe this theory if they have been brainwashed, or they can't accept the alternative- that there is a Creator.



Sorry this isn't more thorough, I don't have much time at the moment. But I wanted to at least answer part of the question that was asked, as none of the previous posts seemed to want to answer it. *edit* while i was posting- part of this was finally answered. :)
Benjamin
2006-06-29 07:28:06 UTC
1. It is a theory.

If it is true, it should now be a law. A law is something everything follows consistently.



2. No proofs.

When it comes to proving, would not we want explained and almost perfect proofs? The fact is, evolution fails at that.



3. Exaggeration.

Evolution (or its associates) does happen. Alas, supporters of evolution are being too imaginative (the term they use for creationists) and irrational. The chance for an organism to die due to harshness is always higher than the chances for it survive.

Note that I say "higher", not "high".

Evolution can happen but never easily. The foundation of the theory is too lame.



4.Script-Science clash.

Followers of the holy script are likely to be creationist meanwhile the others are likely to be evolutionists. The disagreement of the two sides apparently to be fired up when it comes to the origin of man; monkey or Adam and Eve? Low status or high/Divine status?

Here is the hardest part:

Most creationists tend to believe that evolutionists do not believe in God. This can be proved by the books published by creationists to refute evolution. Most of them will say "Evolution is false because it denies God".

On the other hand, most evolutionists claimed in their works that God is in their beliefs, too, but God created creatures through the process of evolution.

Oxymoron at its worst, yet?



The best way to bridge the two sides is sheer discussion.

When it comes down to discussion, that means tolerance and rationality are at hand.

Stop debating. It ain't very helpful.

Be on the wall. The best, be with the true ones.

Study first both sides then comment.

Never comment things you do not know.



Check out other great answers.

There are lots more to be written but I prefer to give others chances.

Sorry for any mistake.



*edit

For the theory-law part, listen to the guy who corrected me.

Thanks, pal.

Nonetheless, evolution is still wrong.
Bethany M
2006-06-29 04:50:44 UTC
WOW....I could give you so much information, but lets just pick one thing that refutes it without question. Ever heard of the 2nd LAW of Thermodynamics? Here's the scientific jargon of it...



The entropy of an isolated system not at equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value.

(Entropy being the lowering of energy level)



The basic information of it is that things don't go from a lower level to a higher level. They go from higher levels of organization and energy down to free zero (some say chaos) Remember that this is a LAW and evolution is a THEORY.



A real world example is, say you put all the parts necessary to make an airplane out in a field. If you leave them there long enough, will they assemble themselves into a complete, fully functional plane? That's what evolution wants you to believe. They say, oh, it happened over billions of years.....ok, back to the airplane parts. Are they assembled yet? Nope, they turned into rust and disingrated long ago. Well, they say, energy was introduced. OK, let's say I walk through that field, pick up one of the parts and throw it at another one. Are we going to get an airplane? Nope.....



For some other cool facts....check out the bombardier beetle (a creature that defies evolution). It has two chemicals enclosed in different areas of his body that explode when combined. He sprays them in conjunction on predators. Good thing evolution got him right the very first try around,huh? Or he would have gone BOOM, and that would've been it.....Yeah, right!
rprobios
2006-06-29 04:41:39 UTC
You do not have arguments pro evolution, just hypotetic models. I do not say you could proove Inteligent Design. These are just two theories. Everyone's free to choose, better to believe in Evolution or ID.

So, you should have a faith stronger than any religious system talking about any cosmogony or creation (design) if you believe everything so complex came (evolved) from nothing.



And do not forget about the enthropy that acts against any evolution process in any system.
?
2016-10-14 02:50:16 UTC
i'm a Christian yet i do no longer trust that the international became created in 6 x 24 hours. i'm also a scientist at heart and that i comprehend the info tells me that it wasn't created in 6 days. even besides the undeniable fact that evolution hasn't truly been proved, I do discover it a reputable rationalization of ways existence got here about. The DNA info would advise one creature has advanced from yet another yet there is not any longer something to really teach it surpassed off. In a way, those that say evolution truly surpassed off so God would not exist aren't any better than those that say God exists and he truly created it in 6 days. i hit upon it weird and wonderful that persons can refuse to position self assurance in God because there is not any info yet then shout that evolution is real with none info. I for one am going to save an open ideas. the idea of evolution sounds like an exceedingly credible rationalization, yet without info it may't be used as info of something. it really is in person-friendly words a remember of conception and faith. Edit: Martin, i'm getting the effect you're a passionate believer in evolution. strong success convincing each and absolutely everyone. i imagine there's a word that contains brick walls that's making an attempt to spring to ideas. am i able to easily upload one element. Fossil information do not teach evolution. we've gadgets of bones of various a lengthy time period which have certain features in undemanding that the evolution idea would look to extra healthful. besides the undeniable fact that, we received't teach it truly surpassed off. like you, i trust it surpassed off, yet we received't teach it.
cross-stitch kelly
2006-06-29 04:35:42 UTC
I haven't seen any legitimate ones yet--that's why it's called a theory. Scientists use that word a little differently than we do. A scientific theory means that no valid evidence has ever been produced to contradict it. That's also why we refer to the Theory of Relativity.
AardVark
2006-06-29 04:53:02 UTC
First, you have to separate what real evolutionists and scientists believe from what people that have never studied it think they are supposed to believe -- because most will believe anything if it's called science. Many think Darwin said we descended from monkeys, so they claim to believe that. Read Steven Jay Gould, Behe (Darwin's black box), Genesis, and if you still have time, The Origin of the Species by Darwin. (Strangely enough, the one thing he doesn't answer is the "Origin".) Steven Hawking is another good source.
2006-06-29 04:35:27 UTC
Starting with the publication of The Origin of Species in 1859, the modern science of evolution has been a source of nearly constant controversy. In general, controversy has centered on the philosophical, cosmological, social, and religious implications of evolution, not on the science of evolution itself. The proposition that biological evolution occurs through one method or another has been almost completely uncontested within the scientific community since the early 20th century.[27]



As Darwin recognized early on, perhaps the most controversial aspect of evolutionary thought is its applicability to human beings. The idea that all diversity in life, including human beings, arose through natural processes without a need for supernatural intervention poses difficulties for the belief in purpose inherent in most religious faiths — and especially for the Abrahamic religions. Many religious people are able to reconcile the science of evolution with their faith, or see no real conflict [7]; Judaism is notable as one of those faith traditions whose adherents see no conflict between evolutionary theory and their religious beliefs.[28] [29] [30] The idea that faith and evolution are compatible has been called theistic evolution. Another group of religious people, generally referred to as creationists, consider evolutionary origin beliefs to be incompatible with their faith, their religious texts and their perception of design in nature, and so cannot accept what they call "unguided evolution".



One particularly contentious topic evoked by evolution is the biological status of humanity. Whereas the classical religious view can be broadly characterized as a belief in the great chain of being (in which people are "above" the animals but slightly "below" the angels), the science of evolution is clear both that humans are animals and that they share common ancestry with chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Some people find the idea of common ancestry repellent, as, in their opinion, it "degrades" humankind. A related conflict arises when critics combine the religious view of people's superior status with the mistaken notion that evolution is necessarily "progressive". If human beings are superior to animals yet evolved from them, these critics claim, "inferior" animals would not still exist. Because animals that are (in their view) "inferior" creatures do demonstrably exist, evolutionary critics sometimes incorrectly infer that evolution is false.



In some countries — notably the United States — these and other tensions between religion and science have fueled what has been called the creation-evolution controversy, which, among other things, has generated struggles over the teaching curriculum. While many other fields of science, such as cosmology and earth science, also conflict with a literal interpretation of religious texts, evolutionary studies have borne the brunt of these debates.



Evolution has been used to support philosophical and ethical choices which most modern scientists argue are neither mandated by evolution nor supported by science. For example, the eugenic ideas of Francis Galton were developed into arguments that the human gene pool should be improved by selective breeding policies, including incentives for reproduction for those of "good stock" and disincentives, such as compulsory sterilization, "euthanasia", and later, prenatal testing, birth control, and genetic engineering, for those of "bad". Another example of an extension of evolutionary theory that is widely regarded as unwarranted is "Social Darwinism"; a term given to the 19th century Whig Malthusian theory developed by Herbert Spencer into ideas about "survival of the fittest" in commerce and human societies as a whole, and by others into claims that social inequality, racism, and imperialism were justified.[31]
?
2006-06-29 04:35:07 UTC
Creationism - That things are so complex they could not have evolved by chance. This is the religious POV especialy since they don't want humans being happenstance.
2006-06-29 05:07:39 UTC
the easiest one:



What created the thing that evolve? What created the things that coalesced and formed the Earth?
Aqib
2006-07-02 23:10:27 UTC
All these theories are absolutley wrong It is proved.
The_Answerer
2006-06-29 04:34:57 UTC
It either evolved, or was created. One or the other.
Gone fishin'
2006-06-29 05:03:56 UTC
There shouldn't be any. It all makes perfect sense.
John S
2006-06-29 04:35:20 UTC
that it contradicts with the bible, quaran, and the tora scrolls...ect.
2006-06-29 08:24:00 UTC
the bible
2006-07-01 03:32:32 UTC
Darwinism, in other words the theory of evolution, was put forward with the aim of denying the fact of creation, but is in truth nothing but failed, unscientific nonsense. This theory, which claims that life emerged by chance from inanimate matter, was invalidated by the scientific evidence of clear "design" in the universe and in living things. In this way, science confirmed the fact that God created the universe and the living things in it. The propaganda carried out today in order to keep the theory of evolution alive is based solely on the distortion of the scientific facts, biased interpretation, and lies and falsehoods disguised as science.

Yet this propaganda cannot conceal the truth. The fact that the theory of evolution is the greatest deception in the history of science has been expressed more and more in the scientific world over the last 20-30 years. Research carried out after the 1980s in particular has revealed that the claims of Darwinism are totally unfounded, something that has been stated by a large number of scientists. In the United States in particular, many scientists from such different fields as biology, biochemistry and paleontology recognize the invalidity of Darwinism and employ the concept of intelligent design to account for the origin of life. This

"intelligent design" is a scientific expression of the fact that God created all living things.





(THE SCIENTIFIC COLLAPSE OF DARWINISM)



Although this doctrine goes back as far as ancient Greece, the theory of evolution was advanced extensively in the nineteenth century. The most important development that made it the top topic of the world of science was Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, published in 1859. In this book, he denied that God created different living species on Earth separately, for he claimed that all living beings had a common ancestor and had diversified over time through small changes. Darwin's theory was not based on any concrete scientific finding; as he also accepted, it was just an "assumption." Moreover, as Darwin confessed in the long chapter of his book titled "Difficulties of the Theory," the theory failed in the face of many critical questions.

Darwin invested all of his hopes in new scientific discoveries, which he expected to solve these difficulties. However, contrary to his expectations, scientific findings expanded the dimensions of these difficulties. The defeat of Darwinism in the face of science can be reviewed under three basic topics:

1) The theory cannot explain how life originated on Earth.

2) No scientific finding shows that the "evolutionary mechanisms" proposed by the theory have any evolutionary power at all.

3) The fossil record proves the exact opposite of what the theory suggests.



The power evolutionists impute to the three force they believe to have produced life—time, mud, and chance—is actually enough to elevate them into a trinity. They believe that the combination of these random forces gave shape to the human brain, intelligence, cognitive ability, judgment and memory.

In this section, I will examine these three basic points in general outlines:





The First Insurmountable Step:

(The Origin of Life)



The theory of evolution posits that all living species evolved from a single living cell that emerged on the primitive Earth 3.8 billion years ago. How a single cell could generate millions of complex living species and, if such an evolution really occurred, why traces of it cannot be observed in the fossil record are some of the questions that the theory cannot answer. However, first and foremost, we need to ask: How did this "first cell" originate?

Since the theory of evolution denies creation and any kind of supernatural intervention, it maintains that the "first cell" originated coincidentally within the laws of nature, without any design, plan or arrangement. According to the theory, inanimate matter must have produced a living cell as a result of coincidences. Such a claim, however, is inconsistent with the most unassailable rules of biology.



"LIFE COMES FROM LIFE"



On the other hand, Darwin never referred to the origin of life. The primitive understanding of science in his time rested on the assumption that living beings had a very simple structure. Since medieval times, spontaneous generation, which asserts that non-living materials came together to form living organisms, had been widely accepted. It was commonly believed that insects came into being from food leftovers, and mice from wheat. Interesting experiments were conducted to prove this theory. Some wheat was placed on a dirty piece of cloth, and it was believed that mice would originate from it after a while.

Similarly, maggots developing in rotting meat was assumed to be evidence of spontaneous generation. However, it was later understood that worms did not appear on meat spontaneously, but were carried there by flies in the form of larvae, invisible to the naked eye.

Even when Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, the belief that bacteria could come into existence from non-living matter was widely accepted in the world of science.

However, five years after the publication of Darwin's book, Louis Pasteur announced his results after long studies and experiments, that disproved spontaneous generation, a cornerstone of Darwin's theory. In his triumphal lecture at the Sorbonne in 1864, Pasteur said: "Never will the doctrine of spontaneous generation recover from the mortal blow struck by this simple experiment."30

For a long time, advocates of the theory of evolution resisted these findings. However, as the development of science unraveled the complex structure of the cell of a living being, the idea that life could come into being coincidentally faced an even greater impasse.





The French biologist Louis Pasteur

The Russian biologist Alexander Oparin



The artificial atmosphere created by Miller in his experiment actually bore not the slightest resemblance to the primitive atmosphere on earth. Today, Miller too accepts that his 1953 experiment was very far from explaining the origin of life.



(Inconclusive Efforts in the Twentieth Century)



The first evolutionist who took up the subject of the origin of life in the twentieth century was the renowned Russian biologist Alexander Oparin. With various theses he advanced in the 1930s, he tried to prove that a living cell could originate by coincidence. These studies, however, were doomed to failure, and Oparin had to make the following confession:

Unfortunately, however, the problem of the origin of the cell is perhaps the most obscure point in the whole study of the evolution of organisms.31

Evolutionist followers of Oparin tried to carry out experiments to solve this problem. The best known experiment was carried out by the American chemist Stanley Miller in 1953. Combining the gases he alleged to have existed in the primordial Earth's atmosphere in an experiment set-up, and adding energy to the mixture, Miller synthesized several organic molecules (amino acids) present in the structure of proteins.

Barely a few years had passed before it was revealed that this experiment, which was then presented as an important step in the name of evolution, was invalid, for the atmosphere used in the experiment was very different from the real Earth conditions.32

After a long silence, Miller confessed that the atmosphere medium he used was unrealistic.33

All the evolutionists' efforts throughout the twentieth century to explain the origin of life ended in failure. The geochemist Jeffrey Bada, from the San Diego Scripps Institute accepts this fact in an article published in Earth magazine in 1998:

Today as we leave the twentieth century, we still face the biggest unsolved problem that we had when we entered the twentieth century: How did life originate on Earth?34

One of the evolutionists' gravest deceptions is the way they imagine that life could have emerged spontaneously on what they refer to as the primitive earth, represented in the picture above. They tried to prove these claims with such studies as the Miller experiment. Yet they again suffered defeat in the face of the scientific facts; The results obtained in the 1970s proved that the atmosphere on what they describe as the primitive earth was totally unsuited to life.



All information about living beings is stored in the DNA molecule. This incredibly efficient information storage method alone is a clear evidence that life did not come into being by chance, but has been purposely designed, or, better to say, marvellously created.



(THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF LIFE)



The primary reason why the theory of evolution ended up in such a great impasse regarding the origin of life is that even those living organisms deemed to be the simplest have incredibly complex structures. The cell of a living thing is more complex than all of our man-made technological products. Today, even in the most developed laboratories of the world, a living cell cannot be produced by bringing organic chemicals together.

The conditions required for the formation of a cell are too great in quantity to be explained away by coincidences. The probability of proteins, the building blocks of a cell, being synthesized coincidentally, is 1 in 10950 for an average protein made up of 500 amino acids. In mathematics, a probability smaller than 1 over 1050 is considered to be impossible in practical terms.

The DNA molecule, which is located in the nucleus of a cell and which stores genetic information, is an incredible databank. If the information coded in DNA were written down, it would make a giant library consisting of an estimated 900 volumes of encyclopedias consisting of 500 pages each.

A very interesting dilemma emerges at this point: DNA can replicate itself only with the help of some specialized proteins (enzymes). However, the synthesis of these enzymes can be realized only by the information coded in DNA. As they both depend on each other, they have to exist at the same time for replication. This brings the scenario that life originated by itself to a deadlock. Prof. Leslie Orgel, an evolutionist of repute from the University of San Diego, California, confesses this fact in the September 1994 issue of the Scientific American magazine:

It is extremely improbable that proteins and nucleic acids, both of which are structurally complex, arose spontaneously in the same place at the same time. Yet it also seems impossible to have one without the other. And so, at first glance, one might have to conclude that life could never, in fact, have originated by chemical means.35

No doubt, if it is impossible for life to have originated from natural causes, then it has to be accepted that life was "created" in a supernatural way. This fact explicitly invalidates the theory of evolution, whose main purpose is to deny creation.





(IMAGINARY MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION)



The second important point that negates Darwin's theory is that both concepts put forward by the theory as "evolutionary mechanisms" were understood to have, in reality, no evolutionary power.

Darwin based his evolution allegation entirely on the mechanism of "natural selection." The importance he placed on this mechanism was evident in the name of his book: The Origin of Species, By Means of Natural Selection…

Natural selection holds that those living things that are stronger and more suited to the natural conditions of their habitats will survive in the struggle for life. For example, in a deer herd under the threat of attack by wild animals, those that can run faster will survive. Therefore, the deer herd will be comprised of faster and stronger individuals. However, unquestionably, this mechanism will not cause deer to evolve and transform themselves into another living species, for instance, horses.

Therefore, the mechanism of natural selection has no evolutionary power. Darwin was also aware of this fact and had to state this in his book The Origin of Species:

Natural selection can do nothing until favourable individual differences or variations occur.36





(Lamarck's Impact)



So, how could these "favorable variations" occur? Darwin tried to answer this question from the standpoint of the primitive understanding of science at that time. According to the French biologist Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1829), who lived before Darwin, living creatures passed on the traits they acquired during their lifetime to the next generation. He asserted that these traits, which accumulated from one generation to another, caused new species to be formed. For instance, he claimed that giraffes evolved from antelopes; as they struggled to eat the leaves of high trees, their necks were extended from generation to generation.





(The French biologist Lamarck)



Lamarck thought that organisms could pass on to their offspring traits acquired during their lifetimes. As an example to this line of reasoning, he suggested that the long neck of the giraffe evolved when a short-necked ancestor took to browsing on the leaves of trees instead of grass. With the discovery of the laws of genetics, it was seen that acquired traits could not actually be inherited at all. As a result, Lamarckism had been invalidated by science by the beginning of the twentieth century.



Darwin also gave similar examples. In his book The Origin of Species, for instance, he said that some bears going into water to find food transformed themselves into whales over time.37

However, the laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel (1822-84) and verified by the science of genetics, which flourished in the twentieth century, utterly demolished the legend that acquired traits were passed on to subsequent generations. Thus, natural selection fell out of favor as an evolutionary mechanism.



The direct effect of random mutations is harmful. Above is a mutated calf which was born with two heads.





(NEO-DARWINISM AND MUTATIONS)



In order to find a solution, Darwinists advanced the "Modern Synthetic Theory," or as it is more commonly known, Neo-Darwinism, at the end of the 1930's. Neo-Darwinism added mutations, which are distortions formed in the genes of living beings due to such external factors as radiation or replication errors, as the "cause of favorable variations" in addition to natural mutation.

Today, the model that stands for evolution in the world is Neo-Darwinism. The theory maintains that millions of living beings formed as a result of a process whereby numerous complex organs of these organisms (e.g., ears, eyes, lungs, and wings) underwent "mutations," that is, genetic disorders. Yet, there is an outright scientific fact that totally undermines this theory: Mutations do not cause living beings to develop; on the contrary, they are always harmful.

The reason for this is very simple: DNA has a very complex structure, and random effects can only harm it. The American geneticist B.G. Ranganathan explains this as follows:

First, genuine mutations are very rare in nature. Secondly, most mutations are harmful since they are random, rather than orderly changes in the structure of genes; any random change in a highly ordered system will be for the worse, not for the better. For example, if an earthquake were to shake a highly ordered structure such as a building, there would be a random change in the framework of the building which, in all probability, would not be an improvement.38

Not surprisingly, no mutation example, which is useful, that is, which is observed to develop the genetic code, has been observed so far. All mutations have proved to be harmful. It was understood that mutation, which is presented as an "evolutionary mechanism," is actually a genetic occurrence that harms living things, and leaves them disabled. (The most common effect of mutation on human beings is cancer.) Of course, a destructive mechanism cannot be an "evolutionary mechanism." Natural selection, on the other hand, "can do nothing by itself," as Darwin also accepted. This fact shows us that there is no "evolutionary mechanism" in nature. Since no evolutionary mechanism exists, no such any imaginary process called "evolution" could have taken place.





(THE FOSSIL RECORD: NO SIGN OF INTERMEDIATE FORMS)



The clearest evidence that the scenario suggested by the theory of evolution did not take place is the fossil record.

According to this theory, every living species has sprung from a predecessor. A previously existing species turned into something else over time and all species have come into being in this way. In other words, this transformation proceeds gradually over millions of years.

Had this been the case, numerous intermediary species should have existed and lived within this long transformation period.

For instance, some half-fish/half-reptiles should have lived in the past which had acquired some reptilian traits in addition to the fish traits they already had. Or there should have existed some reptile-birds, which acquired some bird traits in addition to the reptilian traits they already had. Since these would be in a transitional phase, they should be disabled, defective, crippled living beings. Evolutionists refer to these imaginary creatures, which they believe to have lived in the past, as "transitional forms."

If such animals ever really existed, there should be millions and even billions of them in number and variety. More importantly, the remains of these strange creatures should be present in the fossil record. In The Origin of Species, Darwin explained:

If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking most closely all of the species of the same group together must assuredly have existed.... Consequently, evidence of their former existence could be found only amongst fossil remains.39



The larger picture belongs to a 100-million-year-old Nautilus fossil. On the left is a Nautilus living in our day. When we compare the fossil with today's Nautilus (on the right is the cross section of the creature's shell), we see that they both have the same identical characteristics.





(Darwin's Hopes Shattered)



However, although evolutionists have been making strenuous efforts to find fossils since the middle of the nineteenth century all over the world, no transitional forms have yet been uncovered. All of the fossils, contrary to the evolutionists' expectations, show that life appeared on Earth all of a sudden and fully-formed.

One famous British paleontologist, Derek V. Ager, admits this fact, even though he is an evolutionist:

The point emerges that if we examine the fossil record in detail, whether at the level of orders or of species, we find – over and over again – not gradual evolution, but the sudden explosion of one group at the expense of another.40

This means that in the fossil record, all living species suddenly emerge as fully formed, without any intermediate forms in between. This is just the opposite of Darwin's assumptions. Also, this is very strong evidence that all living things are created. The only explanation of a living species emerging suddenly and complete in every detail without any evolutionary ancestor is that it was created. This fact is admitted also by the widely known evolutionist biologist Douglas Futuyma:

Creation and evolution, between them, exhaust the possible explanations for the origin of living things. Organisms either appeared on the earth fully developed or they did not. If they did not, they must have developed from pre-existing species by some process of modification. If they did appear in a fully developed state, they must indeed have been created by some omnipotent intelligence.41

Fossils show that living beings emerged fully developed and in a perfect state on the earth. That means that "the origin of species," contrary to Darwin's supposition, is not evolution, but creation.





(THE TALE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION)



The subject most often brought up by advocates of the theory of evolution is the subject of the origin of man. The Darwinist claim holds that modern man evolved from ape-like creatures. During this alleged evolutionary process, which is supposed to have started 4-5 million years ago, some "transitional forms" between modern man and his ancestors are supposed to have existed. According to this completely imaginary scenario, four basic "categories" are listed:





1. Australopithecus

2. Homo habilis

3. Homo erectus

4. Homo sapiens

Evolutionists call man's so-called first ape-like ancestors Australopithecus, which means "South African ape." These living beings are actually nothing but an old ape species that has become extinct. Extensive research done on various Australopithecus specimens by two world famous anatomists from England and the USA, namely, Lord Solly Zuckerman and Prof. Charles Oxnard, shows that these apes belonged to an ordinary ape species that became extinct and bore no resemblance to humans.42

Evolutionists classify the next stage of human evolution as "homo," that is "man." According to their claim, the living beings in the Homo series are more developed than Australopithecus. Evolutionists devise a fanciful evolution scheme by arranging different fossils of these creatures in a particular order. This scheme is imaginary because it has never been proved that there is an evolutionary relation between these different classes. Ernst Mayr, one of the twentieth century's most important evolutionists, contends in his book One Long Argument that "particularly historical [puzzles] such as the origin of life or of Homo sapiens, are extremely difficult and may even resist a final, satisfying explanation."43

By outlining the link chain as Australopithecus > Homo habilis > Homo erectus > Homo sapiens, evolutionists imply that each of these species is one another's ancestor. However, recent findings of paleoanthropologists have revealed that Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus lived at different parts of the world at the same time.44

Moreover, a certain segment of humans classified as Homo erectus have lived up until very modern times. Homo sapiens neandarthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens (modern man) co-existed in the same region.45

This situation apparently indicates the invalidity of the claim that they are ancestors of one another. A paleontologist from Harvard University, Stephen Jay Gould, explains this deadlock of the theory of evolution, although he is an evolutionist himself:

What has become of our ladder if there are three coexisting lineages of hominids (A. africanus, the robust australopithecines, and H. habilis), none clearly derived from another? Moreover, none of the three display any evolutionary trends during their tenure on earth.46

Put briefly, the scenario of human evolution, which is "upheld" with the help of various drawings of some "half ape, half human" creatures appearing in the media and course books, that is, frankly, by means of propaganda, is nothing but a tale with no scientific foundation.

Lord Solly Zuckerman, one of the most famous and respected scientists in the U.K., who carried out research on this subject for years and studied Australopithecus fossils for 15 years, finally concluded, despite being an evolutionist himself, that there is, in fact, no such family tree branching out from ape-like creatures to man.

Zuckerman also made an interesting "spectrum of science" ranging from those he considered scientific to those he considered unscientific. According to Zuckerman's spectrum, the most "scientific"—that is, depending on concrete data—fields of science are chemistry and physics. After them come the biological sciences and then the social sciences. At the far end of the spectrum, which is the part considered to be most "unscientific," are "extra-sensory perception"—concepts such as telepathy and sixth sense—and finally "human evolution." Zuckerman explains his reasoning:

We then move right off the register of objective truth into those fields of presumed biological science, like extrasensory perception or the interpretation of man's fossil history, where to the faithful [evolutionist] anything is possible – and where the ardent believer [in evolution] is sometimes able to believe several contradictory things at the same time.47

The tale of human evolution boils down to nothing but the prejudiced interpretations of some fossils unearthed by certain people, who blindly adhere to their theory.



Imaginary representations of 'primitive' human beings are frequently employed in stories carried by pro-evolution newspapers and magazines. The only source for these stories, based on these imaginary representations, are the imaginations of their authors. Yet evolution has suffered such a defeat in the face of the scientific facts that fewer reports concerning evolution now appear in scientific magazines.





(TECHNOLOGY IN THE EYE AND THE EAR)



Another subject that remains unanswered by evolutionary theory is the excellent quality of perception in the eye and the ear.

Before passing on to the subject of the eye, let us briefly answer the question of how we see. Light rays coming from an object fall oppositely on the eye's retina. Here, these light rays are transmitted into electric signals by cells and reach a tiny spot at the back of the brain, the "center of vision." These electric signals are perceived in this center as an image after a series of processes. With this technical background, let us do some thinking.

The brain is insulated from light. That means that its inside is completely dark, and that no light reaches the place where it is located. Thus, the "center of vision" is never touched by light and may even be the darkest place you have ever known. However, you observe a luminous, bright world in this pitch darkness.

The image formed in the eye is so sharp and distinct that even the technology of the twentieth century has not been able to attain it. For instance, look at the book you are reading, your hands with which you are holding it, and then lift your head and look around you. Have you ever seen such a sharp and distinct image as this one at any other place? Even the most developed television screen produced by the greatest television producer in the world cannot provide such a sharp image for you. This is a three-dimensional, colored, and extremely sharp image. For more than 100 years, thousands of engineers have been trying to achieve this sharpness. Factories, huge premises were established, much research has been done, plans and designs have been made for this purpose. Again, look at a TV screen and the book you hold in your hands. You will see that there is a big difference in sharpness and distinction. Moreover, the TV screen shows you a two-dimensional image, whereas with your eyes, you watch a three-dimensional perspective with depth.

For many years, tens of thousands of engineers have tried to make a three-dimensional TV and achieve the vision quality of the eye. Yes, they have made a three-dimensional television system, but it is not possible to watch it without putting on special 3-D glasses; moreover, it is only an artificial three-dimension. The background is more blurred, the foreground appears like a paper setting. Never has it been possible to produce a sharp and distinct vision like that of the eye. In both the camera and the television, there is a loss of image quality.

Evolutionists claim that the mechanism producing this sharp and distinct image has been formed by chance. Now, if somebody told you that the television in your room was formed as a result of chance, that all of its atoms just happened to come together and make up this device that produces an image, what would you think? How can atoms do what thousands of people cannot?

Compared to cameras and sound recording machines, the eye and ear are much more complex, much more successful and possess far superior designs to these products of high technology.

If a device producing a more primitive image than the eye could not have been formed by chance, then it is very evident that the eye and the image seen by the eye could not have been formed by chance. The same situation applies to the ear. The outer ear picks up the available sounds by the auricle and directs them to the middle ear, the middle ear transmits the sound vibrations by intensifying them, and the inner ear sends these vibrations to the brain by translating them into electric signals. Just as with the eye, the act of hearing finalizes in the center of hearing in the brain.

The situation in the eye is also true for the ear. That is, the brain is insulated from sound just as it is from light. It does not let any sound in. Therefore, no matter how noisy is the outside, the inside of the brain is completely silent. Nevertheless, the sharpest sounds are perceived in the brain. In your completely silent brain, you listen to symphonies, and hear all of the noises in a crowded place. However, were the sound level in your brain was measured by a precise device at that moment, complete silence would be found to be prevailing there.

As is the case with imagery, decades of effort have been spent in trying to generate and reproduce sound that is faithful to the original. The results of these efforts are sound recorders, high-fidelity systems, and systems for sensing sound. Despite all of this technology and the thousands of engineers and experts who have been working on this endeavor, no sound has yet been obtained that has the same sharpness and clarity as the sound perceived by the ear. Think of the highest-quality hi-fi systems produced by the largest company in the music industry. Even in these devices, when sound is recorded some of it is lost; or when you turn on a hi-fi you always hear a hissing sound before the music starts. However, the sounds that are the products of the human body's technology are extremely sharp and clear. A human ear never perceives a sound accompanied by a hissing sound or with atmospherics as does a hi-fi; rather, it perceives sound exactly as it is, sharp and clear. This is the way it has been since the creation of man.

So far, no man-made visual or recording apparatus has been as sensitive and successful in perceiving sensory data as are the eye and the ear. However, as far as seeing and hearing are concerned, a far greater truth lies beyond all this.





(To Whom Does the Consciousness That Sees and Hears within the Brain Belong?)



Who watches an alluring world in the brain, listens to symphonies and the twittering of birds, and smells the rose?

The stimulations coming from a person's eyes, ears, and nose travel to the brain as electro-chemical nerve impulses. In biology, physiology, and biochemistry books, you can find many details about how this image forms in the brain. However, you will never come across the most important fact: Who perceives these electro-chemical nerve impulses as images, sounds, odors, and sensory events in the brain? There is a consciousness in the brain that perceives all this without feeling any need for an eye, an ear, and a nose. To whom does this consciousness belong? Of course it does not belong to the nerves, the fat layer, and neurons comprising the brain. This is why Darwinist-materialists, who believe that everything is comprised of matter, cannot answer these questions.

For this consciousness is the spirit created by God, which needs neither the eye to watch the images nor the ear to hear the sounds. Furthermore, it does not need the brain to think.

Everyone who reads this explicit and scientific fact should ponder on Almighty God, and fear and seek refuge in Him, for He squeezes the entire universe in a pitch-dark place of a few cubic centimeters in a three-dimensional, colored, shadowy, and luminous form.



Motion

Tought

Touch

Talking

Vision

Tasting

Hearing

Smelling

We live our entire life within our brain. The people that we see, the flowers we smell, the music we listen to, the fruits we taste, the wetness we feel on our hand… All of these form in our brains. In reality, neither colors, nor sounds, nor images exist in our brain. The only things that exist in the brain are electric signals. This means that we live in a world formed by the electric signals in our brain. This is not an opinion or a hypothesis, but the scientific explanation of how we perceive the world.





(A Materialist Faith)



The information we have presented so far shows us that the theory of evolution is a incompatible with scientific findings. The theory's claim regarding the origin of life is inconsistent with science, the evolutionary mechanisms it proposes have no evolutionary power, and fossils demonstrate that the required intermediate forms have never existed. So, it certainly follows that the theory of evolution should be pushed aside as an unscientific idea. This is how many ideas, such as the Earth-centered universe model, have been taken out of the agenda of science throughout history.

However, the theory of evolution is kept on the agenda of science. Some people even try to represent criticisms directed against it as an "attack on science." Why?

The reason is that this theory is an indispensable dogmatic belief for some circles. These circles are blindly devoted to materialist philosophy and adopt Darwinism because it is the only materialist explanation that can be put forward to explain the workings of nature.

Interestingly enough, they also confess this fact from time to time. A well-known geneticist and an outspoken evolutionist, Richard C. Lewontin from Harvard University, confesses that he is "first and foremost a materialist and then a scientist":

It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is absolute, so we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.48

These are explicit statements that Darwinism is a dogma kept alive just for the sake of adherence to materialism. This dogma maintains that there is no being save matter. Therefore, it argues that inanimate, unconscious matter created life. It insists that millions of different living species (e.g., birds, fish, giraffes, tigers, insects, trees, flowers, whales, and human beings) originated as a result of the interactions between matter such as pouring rain, lightning flashes, and so on, out of inanimate matter. This is a precept contrary both to reason and science. Yet Darwinists continue to defend it just so as "not to allow a Divine Foot in the door."

Anyone who does not look at the origin of living beings with a materialist prejudice will see this evident truth: All living beings are works of a Creator, Who is All-Powerful, All-Wise, and All-Knowing. This Creator is God, Who created the whole universe from non-existence, designed it in the most perfect form, and fashioned all living beings.







They said:"Glory be to You!

We have no knowledge except what You have taught us.

You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise."

(Surat al-Baqarah: 32) Holy Quran





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The miracle of man's creation (video):

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smiling4ever222@yahoo.com

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2006-06-29 10:12:50 UTC
Some refutations of the incorrect arguments given above:



The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics refers to closed systems. That is, systems which do not have an input of energy from outside sources. The Earth is not a closed system. We get a lot of energy input from outside sources, most notably the Sun. Every living thing fights entropy every day, creating order and striving against the processes of decay. This is only possible through the input of outside energy. Once the process is halted, decay rather rapidly sets in.



The Creationist argument that 'order cannot arise from disorder' ignores such observed phenomena as six-sided symmetrical crystals forming spontaneously from water vapour. Anyone who has seen a snowflake has seen order arise from disorder.



As for the field strewn with airplane parts: No, an airplane will not spontaneously assemble itself. It requires energy. In the example given energy is used to throw the parts together. Now imagine there is a selection pressure. Two parts that are meant to go together stick together. Now if you are throwing those random parts around the field, and the parts are beginning to stick together, you will eventually get an assembled airplane. This analogy doesn't really work well as an example of evolution because you are trying to build a specified structure, rather than simply allowing random parts to coalesce as natural selection does.



There is also the common mistaken belief that being a Theory is somehow less proven that being a Law, as if Theories that are good and say their prayers will grow up into Laws someday. This does not occur. A scientific Law is a physical observation of something that happens. It does not provide an explanation. The Law of Gravity is that things fall. No explanation given. The explanation is called the Theory of Gravity, that is that objects attract each other in proportion to their own mass. There is indeed a Law of Evolution, and that is that offspring differ from their parents. Again, no explanation simply an observed fact. The Theory of Evolution is that these differences is that these observed differences between parent and offspring account for the entire diversity of life we see on the planet today, through such forces as Natural Selection. That's part of the explanation of the Law of Evolution. There is no point at which a Theory is 'upgraded' to Law, they are two wholly and completely separate facets of the scientific explanation of the universe.



As to the bombardier beetle, this has long been used as an argument by Creationists and includes some major errors in how a bombardier beetle's chemical defense operates. For one, the chemicals do not automatically explode when mixed. It requires several enzymes and catalysts secreted by the beetle to do this. The precursors and starting chemicals are common in many insects. They act as a pigment in the cuticle of many insects, and in higher concentrations make the insect unpalatable (i.e. millipedes). Some insects (i.e. some types of ants) have glands that secrete squirts of just the distasteful chemicals - no explosion. Combined with some catalases and peroxidases, the combined chemicals simply fizz and foam - this is seen in the beetle Metrius contractus. From here, as more enzymes and such as added to the mix it becomes possible to produce a controlled explosive release of the chemicals as seen in the bombardier beetle. No miracle is required, and there are many intermediary stages all of which provide benefits to the insect that evolves the mechanism.



The "age limiting" factors on the age of the Earth depend on incorrect assumptions about rates of erosion, and fail to take into account such things as cycles where materials and minerals are recycled and reused through evaporation, transpiration, condensation, erosion, deposition, subjuction and active vulcanism. If there were no such things as volcanoes, or if rivers continually feed into the ocean without their headwaters ever being refreshed, then yes the Earth would have to be a lot younger than it is, but since we've seen volcanoes and rain before, we know that this is not how the world works.



There are no polystrata fossils that cannot be explained as either an object that remained in one spot over several years while varves of lake sediment piled up around it (i.e. a tree or whale carcass that took several years to be completely buried in calm waters), or a later intrusion. There are beneficial mutations and organisms continue to evolve. The resistance of bacteria to anti-biotics and developed resistance to pesticides in many insects are two obvious (laboratory proven) examples.



There are thousands, if not millions of 'missing links'. Every fossil that can be placed into a phylogenetic history through it's shared physical characteristics is a missing link. Some of the obvious ones include crossopterygian fishes, synapsid reptiles, Archaeopteryx, and Australopithecines but there are many, many others.



There are many "proofs" of evolution as well. From laboratory induced speciation in fruit flies, to observed speciations in polychaete worms and numerous plant species, there are many real, verifiable instances of speciations and evolution.



Yes, the chance for an organism to die due to harshness is higher than its chances to survive. That's pretty much the driving force behind natural selection (often misinterpreted as 'survival of the fittest'). Those that do survive pass on the ability that helped them survive to their offspring.



Those who demand a strict, literal interpretation of their holy scripture have come out with a number of 'arguments' that they claim disprove evolution, however every one of them (so far) has been dismissed, and they are often built on an incomplete or incorrect understanding of how evolution works, how biology works, or how science works in general.



Unfortunately, many of them keep bringing up the same arguments, over and over and over and over again, even when they have been thoroughly disproven (i.e. the bombardier beetle question was answered back in the sixties, but Creationists still keep bringing it up). The airplane analogy, and its cousin, the busted watch in a bag have also been discussed at length by evolutionary biologists (see The Blind Watchmaker by Richard Dawkins) and in far more detail than I have gone into here.



So, in short, there have been quite a few arguments set forth by Creationists that claim to disprove evolution, but ALL of them so far have been in turn disproven as false or based on misunderstandings of such things as what a Theory or a Law is.



UPDATE: Just some comments on the comments below me:



Conversion of energy to temporarily reverse the trend of entropy does not require a complex mechanism. Hurricanes forming from the disorder of a warm ocean is one example. The energy from lightning has been shown to be more than sufficient to form complex molecules and even protein-like chains of molecules when applied to simple molecules and compounds such as those found on primordial Earth. Once formed, these compounds can interact with each other to form even more complex molecules.



No, crystals are not evidence for evolution. They are evidence of order coming from disorder.



As I said before, the plane is a poor analogy. It doesn't properly demonstrate anything. As far as self-replicating proteins, such as DNA and its evolutionary precursor RNA, there are also self-replicating clays out there. The chemical structure of the surface of the clay is replicated from the surrounding environment by the very nature of the molecules that produce copies of themselves. As soon as you get heredity and selection, evolution begins to occur. Much of what is discussed here is actually Abiogenesis, which is totally separate from the Theory of Evolution.



Yes, it really really really is irrelevant whether evolution is a theory or a law. It is correct that it really doesn't matter. The discussion about the difference is an answer to the many Creationists who dismiss evolution as 'only a theory' because they don't understand what a theory is.



The requirement of specific enzymes to cause the reaction in bombardier beetles does not argue for design, any more than requiring a specific chemical in the manufacture of C4 argues that god designed C4 to explode. The fact that intermediary structures and chemicals exist throughout the insect phylum argues rather strongly for evolution of the defense mechanism from earlier adaptations. An insect that possesses the more 'primitive' form seen in other beetles, but then develops the means to secrete a specific catalyst in the right chambers will inherit a slightly more advantageous defensive weapon, giving it a higher chance of survival and thus the ability to pass that adaptation on to its offspring.



Measurements of rates of mutation are difficult, and prone to inaccuracies. For one thing, not all methods of introducing random mutations have been identified. There are also other factors, such as linked genes. Random changes in one gene can affect the inheritance of a wide variety of genes that were not mutated to begin with. There can also be selection of one end of the spectrum of normal genetic variation in a population - no new mutations required, just selection of differences that have existed all along. Taking those into account there definitely has been plenty of time for evolution to have produced the variety it has.



Archaeopteryx is NOT an admitted hoax, and anyone who has told you so has, quite simply, LIED to you. Even if it were though, there are still thousands of transitional forms (living and fossil) that fit into the mosaic of evolutionary phylogeny like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. One individual link does not give the whole picture, but all of them taken together have given a consistent and clear image that has never been disproven by any hoax.



Fruit flies are still fruit flies, but they are different species of fruit flies. One population of the fruit fly is no longer able to reproduce with another population. This is laboratory evidence of evolution, and yet Creationists still deny that it happens.



Evolution through natural selection can and does account for the vast diversity of life we see on Earth. It does work, has been shown to work even in 'laboratory' conditions, and explains everything seen in biology from degrees of genetic divergence to biogeographic distribution to similarities and differences in body structure. No other explanation has been able to do any of these things.



As to the post below that one, there is virtually nothing accurate or factual in the entire post. Rather than refuting it entirely, I've decided to simply post the only sentences in the article which are factual. All the rest are completely false.



"On the other hand, Darwin never referred to the origin of life." This is true. Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection doesn't address the origin of life at all. Never did. It addresses the evolution of species through the mechanism of natural selection.



"Miller too accepts that his 1953 experiment was very far from explaining the origin of life." This is also true. However it does show that complex molecules and even amino acids can be formed from simple molecules with just the addition of electrical energy.



Most of the rest of the article goes on to explain that Darwin's theory of evolution does not explain the origin of life. Which is true. It was never intended to. Expecting the theory of evolution through natural selection to explain the origin of life is like expecting the theory of gravity to explain why Microsoft stock outcompetes Apple stock. It is totally outside the bounds of what the theory is attempting to explain.



"Natural selection can do nothing until favourable individual differences or variations occur." This is true. Natural selection was the mechanism of evolution that Darwin advanced as a primary mover in the origin of species. It remains one of the main mechanisms, but other mechanisms have also been identified.



"According to this theory, every living species has sprung from a predecessor." This is true. According to the theory of evolution, every living organism has a mother. I'm not sure how this is supposed to be a criticism of the theory.



I couldn't find another accurate sentence in the article. The section on Human evolution in particular is full of self-contradictions and quotes taken out of context.


This content was originally posted on Y! Answers, a Q&A website that shut down in 2021.
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